| 张礼兵,焦丽萍,金菊良,陈小凤,章启兵,康传宇.基于水库旱限水位的大型灌区水资源空间均衡优化调控[J].水利学报,2024,55(10):1187-1198 |
| 基于水库旱限水位的大型灌区水资源空间均衡优化调控 |
| Spatial equilibrium optimization and regulation of water resources in large irrigation district based on drought-limited water level of reservoirs |
| 投稿时间：2024-02-03 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20240075 |
| 中文关键词: 水资源 大型灌区 空间均衡 旱限水位 限供比例 优化调控 |
| 英文关键词: water resources large irrigation areas spatial balance drought-limited water level limit supply ratio optimization and regulation |
| 基金项目:安徽省自然科学基金项目(2208085US16，2108085QE254);国家自然科学基金项目(U2240223);安徽省水利科学研究院科技攻关计划项目(KJGG202202) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 由于自然地理特征和经济社会活动的差异，大型灌区水资源分布和利用在时空上是不平衡的，尤其是受水文气象波动影响的农业灌溉供水，需要借助水利工程进行水资源空间均衡调控。目前按典型水平年制订的常规调配水方案无法展现水资源空间均衡状态在年内的变化响应过程，也无法考虑水资源在年际间调配的需求。鉴此，本文基于灌区水资源系统空间均衡评价模型和半分布式水资源系统模拟模型，以干旱年缺水时段平均水资源系统空间均衡度最大为目标，以骨干水库分期分级旱限水位和灌区分单元分用水户限供比例为调控变量，运用遗传算法开展大型灌区水资源系统空间均衡优化调控研究。淠河灌区应用结果显示：骨干水库的分级分期旱限水位能够实现水资源在年内和年际时间上的均衡调节，而分单元分用水户的限制供水措施能够使水资源在空间上得到合理配置。二者共同作用能更好地协调灌区供需水在时程分布和空间均衡间的关系，相较于运行现状能大幅提升水资源系统空间均衡度，增强灌区的可持续发展能力，为基于旱限水位的复杂水资源系统管理和应用提供新的思路。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Due to differences in natural geography，economic activities，and social practices，the distribution and utilization of water resources within large irrigation areas exhibit imbalances both spatially and temporally.In particular，the water supply for irrigated agriculture is affected by fluctuations in hydrometeorological conditions，which needs to be regulated with the help of water conservancy projects for the spatial equilibrium of water resources.Currently，the conventional water allocation scheme formulated according to the typical level year cannot show the response process of the spatial equilibrium state of water resources within the year，nor can it take into account the inter-annual allocation of water resources.In view of this，based on the spatial equilibrium evaluation model of water resources system in irrigation districts and the semi-distributed water resources system simulation model，this paper carries out a study on the spatial equilibrium optimization and control of water resources system in large-scale irrigation districts by using genetic algorithms with the objective of maximizing the spatial equilibrium of water resources system in the average time of water shortage during drought years，and with the water level of the dry limit of the backbone reservoirs and the proportion of the supply limit of the water users of irrigation districts in phases and stages.The results of the application in Pihe River Irrigation District show that the graded and staged drought-limited water level of the backbone reservoirs can achieve balanced regulation of water resources in the intra-annual and inter-annual time，while restricting water supply by water users and by unit can ensure reasonable spatial allocation of water resources.The two together can coordinate the relationship between the distribution of supply and demand of water in the irrigation area in the time course and spatial equilibrium，and significantly improve the spatial equilibrium of water resources system in comparison with the status quo operation.Compared with the current operation，it can greatly improve the spatial equilibrium of water resources system，guarantee the higher spatial equilibrium state and sustainable development ability of the irrigation area，and provide new ideas for the management and application of complex water resources system based on the drought-limited water level. |
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