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| 黄河水滴灌条件下自动冲洗阀对灌水器堵塞特性的调控机制 |
| Regulation Mechanism of Automatic Flushing Valve on Emitter Clogging Characteristics under Drip Irrigation of Yellow River Water |
| 投稿时间：2025-05-18 修订日期：2025-09-25 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 自动冲洗阀 冲洗时长 灌水器平均相对流量 泥沙排出量 冲洗效率 |
| 英文关键词: Automatic flushing valve flushing duration average relative flow sediment discharge flushing efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金黄河水科学研究联合基金(U2443211)；中国水科院基本科研业务费项目(ID0145B042021) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 自动冲洗阀(AFV)可将泥沙定期排出滴灌带,能提高黄河水滴灌系统的抗堵塞能力。本研究选取3种规格AFV(ND-15,冲洗时长(FD)为15s；FA-40,FD=40s；FA-80,FD=80s)并设置无AFV的对照处理(CK),通过400h的含沙水滴灌系统水力性能测试试验,探究了AFV的水力性能变化规律及其对灌水器平均相对流量(Dra)的影响规律。结果表明,FA-40和FA-80的水力性能变化幅度较小,为-3.3%~5.2%,ND-15的水力性能变化幅度为33.3%~66.6%,稳定性较差。当ND-15、FA-40、FA-80和CK分别运行40、70、210和30h时,Dra降至75%。当运行时间为170和270h时,ND-15和CK的Dra降至0。在单次冲洗条件下,FA-40和FA-80输送泥沙的距离分别是滴灌带总长的72.9%和1.6倍,平均排出泥沙量占输入量的95.0%,其Dra比CK提高了559.5%~607.1%,灌水器堵塞程度的空间分布规律为前部＞中部＞后部；ND-15由于FD较小,排出泥沙效率低(排出量/输入量=21.2%),其Dra比CK降低了11.3%。虽然AFV的泥沙冲洗效率随FD增大呈先增大后降低规律,但考虑抗泥沙堵塞效果与冲洗水仍用于农田灌溉,FA-80适合用于黄河水滴灌系统。对于山西尊村引黄灌区的苹果滴灌系统,当水源含沙量为1.0g/L时,FA-80可维持滴灌带运行3-4年下的Dra≥75%。本研究为AFV在黄河水滴灌系统中的推广和应用提供技术支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Automatic flushing valves (AFVs) periodically discharge sediment from driplines, enhancing clogging resistance in Yellow River drip irrigation systems. This study evaluated three AFV specifications (ND-15 (FD = 15 s), FA-40 (FD = 40 s), and FA-80 (FD = 80 s)), against a no-valve control (CK) over 400 h under 1.0 g/L sediment concentration. We investigated AFV hydraulic performance and its impact on average relative emitter flow (Dra). FA-40 and FA-80 showed minimal performance changes (-3.3% to 5.2%), while ND-15 varied by 33.3%-66.6%, indicating poor stability. Dra fell to 75% after 40 h (ND-15), 70 h (FA-40), 210 h (FA-80), and 30 h (CK); at 170 h and 270 h, Dra for ND-15 and CK dropped to zero. During a single flush, FA-40 and FA-80 transported sediment distances equal to 72.9% and 160% of the 48 m tape length, respectively, and discharged on average 95.0% of input sediment, raising Dra by 559.5%-607.1% over CK; clogging was most severe in front > middle > rear. ND-15’s short FD yielded low discharge efficiency (21.2%), reducing Dra by 11.3% versus CK. Although sediment flushing efficiency (Rsf) first increased then decreased with FD, FA-80 offers the best balance of anti-clogging and water use for field irrigation. In Shanxi’s Zuncun irrigation district under 1.0 g/L sediment, FA-80 maintained Dra ≥ 75% under 3-4 years. These findings support AFV deployment in sediment-rich drip irrigation. |
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