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| 面向河流生态多目标需求的综合生态流量研究——以淮河鲁台子至淮南段为例 |
| Research on comprehensive ecological flow for multiple ecological objectives of river: A case study of the Lutaizi-Huainan Reach of the Huai River |
| 投稿时间：2025-07-22 修订日期：2026-01-19 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 综合生态流量 整体分析法 物种模块 评价指标集 相对剥夺理论 |
| 英文关键词: Comprehensive ecological flow holistic analytical method species modules evaluation index set relation deprivation theory |
| 基金项目:“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC3211300)；河南省科协“科创中原”行动项目：河南省青年人才托举工程(2025HYTP048)；水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室（武汉大学）开放研究基金（2025SWG06） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对当前生态流量制定多基于单一水文规律或物种需求的局限，本文考虑河流生态整体性需求，基于栖息地模拟、水动力模拟、生物多样性分析、水文分析与机器学习等理论与方法，构建鱼类、浮游植物、底栖生物、河岸植被的单目标流量阈值计算模块，建立兼顾生态流量适宜性与保障性的评价指标集，应用相对剥夺理论，推求综合生态流量。以淮河鲁台子至淮南段为实例进行研究，结果显示，综合生态流量汛期与非汛期均值为150与118m3/s，符合水文情势周期变化规律，在各物种中处于中等偏上水平，并逐月基本保障2类物种生态需求；综合生态流量保证率全年均值为82.09%，4月最小（75.92%），表明综合生态流量在水资源管理上具有较好的保障性与可操作性；根据鱼类与浮游植物模块，制定鱼类上溯期（流量上限893m3/s）、产卵繁殖期（涨水流量654m3/s与漫滩流量899m3/s，至少发生1次并持续2天）与预防水华爆发（春夏季、秋季、冬季分别≥478、573、348m3/s，至少发生1次）的特殊生态流量。本文理论研究成果为综合生态流量的科学定量提供了一种新的整体分析技术，实例研究成果为淮河生态保护与水资源管理提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The current research of ecological flow still mainly employs hydrological methods or habitat simulation for one species. The holistic requirements of river ecosystem are incorporated in this study. Based on habitat simulation, hydrodynamic simulation, biodiversity analysis, hydrological analysis and machine learning theories and methods, the single-objective flow-threshold calculation modules are developed including fish, phytoplankton, benthic organisms and riparian vegetation. The evaluation index set of flow-threshold considering both eco-suitability and guarantee in water management is established, then the comprehensive ecological flow process is obtained by using the relation deprivation theory. Applied research was conducted in the Lutaizi-huainan reach of Huai River. The mean comprehensive ecological flows were estimated as 150 m3/s in flood season and 118 m3/s in non-flood season, which conformed to the hydrological patterns and largely ensured the requirements of two species categories. The annual mean guarantee rate of comprehensive ecological flow reached 82.09%, with the minimum in April (75.92%), which indicated that the comprehensive ecological flow process in water management was reliable and practical. In addition, special ecological flows were specified. The upper limit for fish migration was 899 m3/s. The stimulus flow for fish spawning was 654 m3/s, lasting for a minimum of 2 days. At least one floodplain flow or bankfull flow (≥899 m3/s) event should occur annually for fish foraging. To prevent harmful algal blooms, each season (spring-summer, autumn, winter) should experience at least one high-flow event (≥478、573、348m3/s). The theoretical findings in this study propose a new holistic analytical approach for comprehensive ecological flow quantification. The case study findings provide scientific references for ecological conservation and water management in Huai River. |
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