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| 小北干流湿地演变机制及古贤水库运行影响预测研究 |
| Study on the evolution mechanism of the Xiaobeiganliu Floodplain Wetlands and prediction of the impact of the Guxian Reservoir operation |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-04 修订日期：2026-03-03 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 古贤水库 黄河小北干流 漫滩湿地 湿地保护 河势演变 |
| 英文关键词: Guxian Reservoir Xiaobeiganliu of Yellow River floodplain wetland wetland protection river morphology evolution |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2022YFC3202400）；河南省博士后科研项目（202103105） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 多沙河流漫滩湿地的演变受水文情势与河床地形动态平衡共同制约。本文以黄河小北干流漫滩湿地为研究对象，聚焦“水文节律改变-河势过程响应-生态功能演变”的连锁机制，系统揭示了1980–2020年间小北干流湿地的演变过程及响应关系，并预测了古贤水库运行对其可能造成的影响。结果表明：（1）河床冲淤阶段性转变导致河道-湿地间的水量交互方向反转，由2000年前湿地补给河道（年均补水强度9.01亿 m3/a）转变为2000年后河道补给湿地（0.85亿 m3/a）；（2）河势变化是小北干流湿地演变的关键环节，累计淤积量与交互水量呈显著负相关（r = -0.614, p < 0.01）；（3）基于历史规律构建的“水文-河势-湿地”响应关系预测，古贤水库运行后，清水下泄将导致河床冲刷以及下泄流量过程趋于坦化，从河势形态与水文节律两方面对湿地补水形成“双重阻断”，致使湿地与河道水文交互方向再次变为湿地补给河道（年均强度约为17.25亿m3/a），可能导致湿地萎缩与栖息地孤岛化，引发生态系统退化风险。因此亟需从系统视角出发，统筹机理研究、监测预警与生态调度，构建协同保护体系，以减少工程生态环境影响，保障黄河中游生态格局的完整性，促进黄河流域高质量发展。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The evolution of floodplain wetlands in sediment-laden rivers depends not only on hydrological conditions but is also governed by the dynamic equilibrium of topography maintained by the combined processes of sediment transport and riverbed evolution. This study investigates the floodplain wetlands in the Xiaobeiganliu reach of the Yellow River, focusing on the “hydrological alteration-river morphological response-ecological evolution” chain mechanism. It systematically revealed the evolution process and response relationships of the Xiaobeiganliu wetlands from 1980 to 2020 and predicts the impact of the Guxian Reservoir operation. The findings indicate: (1) Periodic shifts in channel scouring and deposition altered the direction of water exchange between the river and wetlands. The wetlands primarily recharged the river before 2000, with an average annual intensity of 901 million m3, while this relationship reversed thereafter, with the river supplying the wetlands at an average annual rate of 85 million m3; (2) River morphology evolution is a critical factor in wetland dynamics. Analysis reveals a significant negative correlation between cumulative sediment deposition and water exchange volume (r = -0.614, p < 0.01); (3) Predictions based on the established "hydrology–morphology–wetland" response model indicate that after the Guxian Reservoir becomes operational, it will create a "dual-blocking effect" on wetland replenishment—through both morphological and hydrological pathways—returning the wetlands to a water-deficient state with an average annual intensity of 1.725 billion m3. This may lead to wetland shrinkage, habitat fragmentation, and trigger risks of ecosystem degradation. Therefore, it is urgent to adopt a holistic, systemic perspective and plan ahead to strengthen wetland protection and restoration, ensuring the integrity of the ecological structure in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and promoting high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. |
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