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| 南水北调中线工程冬季水量-水温-水力协同调度研究 |
| Coordinated Regulation of Wintertime Water Volume, Temperature, and Hydraulics in Central Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-19 修订日期：2025-09-23 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 水量-水温-水力 冰期调度 南水北调中线 冬季输水 河冰模型 |
| 英文关键词: water volume-water temperature-hydraulic regulation in ice period South-to-North Water Diversion wintertime water transfer numerical model |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3202500)；国家自然科学基金(U2243221, U2243239, U2443221, 52479080)；中国水科院科研专项(HY0145B032021) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 南水北调中线工程明渠冰期输水需降低流量运行以确保工程安全,而当前挖潜提升工程冬季输水能力需求下则需适时提升明渠流量,如何化解二者矛盾成为类似北方水网工程冬季输水亟待解决的关键问题。以往明渠冬季输水多采用关键断面低弗汝德数、小流量运行,被动应对寒潮降温引起的水温骤降和河渠冰凌过程。为破解上述难题,本研究从缩短冰期输水时长和降低冰情影响范围两方面入手,提出中线工程冬季水量-水温-水力协同调度新模式,即从水量上满足用水需求,从水温上延缓冰盖形成,从水力上控制凌情的发展,三者协同、动态调度。在此思路下研究了冬季大流量非冰盖输水技术,即通过加大流量(增大流速)来降低明渠水体在低温环境下的暴露时长,提高水体热容量的同时延缓或控制冰盖形成,并结合关键闸站临界弗汝德数阈值优化提升冬季输水能力。为验证该模式的有效性和水量-水温-水力协同调度作用,构建了南水北调中线全线水温及河冰过程精细模拟模型,并结合现场观测资料开展了不同输水流量、气温波动和上游来流水温变化等调度模式下多场景的仿真推演。结果表明,中线干渠冬季大流量输水和上游来流水温的提高可有效提升沿线水体的热容量和水温,流量和水温的增加延缓了冰凌的发展,提高关键闸站临界弗汝德数阈值有助于提升明渠冬季的输水能力。提出的南水北调中线冬季水量-水温-水力协同调度具体方案和阈值可为运行调度提供直接支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The winter water transfer along the Central Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (CRSNWD) needs to reduce flow to ensure the safety of the project. However, under the current context of capacity enhancement to increase winter water conveyance, it is necessary to appropriately increase the flow rate. How to resolve this conflict has become a key issue that must be addressed urgently in similar northern water network projects during winter operation. Traditionally, low flow operation with low Froude numbers at critical sections has been adopted during winter water conveyance to passively respond to sudden drops in water temperature and river ice processes caused by cold waves. To overcome these difficulties, this study proposes a new mode of winter water volume-water temperature-hydraulic coordination scheduling for the main channels of the CRSNWD, focusing on shortening the ice period duration and reducing the impact range of the ice. This mode coordinates dynamically three aspects: meeting water demand from the perspective of quantity, delaying ice cover formation from the perspective of water temperature, and controlling ice development from the perspective of hydraulics. Based on this concept, the study investigates a winter large-flow, ice-free conveyance technology, which reduces the exposure time of the open channel water body to low temperatures by increasing flow rate (thus increasing flow velocity), enhancing water’s thermal capacity while delaying or controlling ice cover formation. This is combined with raising the critical Froude number threshold at key sluice stations to enhance winter water conveyance capacity. To validate the mode’s effectiveness and the coordination between water volume, temperature, and hydraulics, a detailed simulation model of water temperature and river ice processes for the CRSNWD was developed and verified with field observations. Multiple scenario simulations were conducted under varying water conveyance flows, air temperature fluctuations, and upstream incoming water temperatures. Results indicate that large winter flows in the CRSNWD and increased upstream water temperatures directly enhance the thermal capacity and water temperature along the channel. The increases in flow and water temperature delay ice development, and raising the critical Froude number threshold at key sluice stations helps improve the project’s winter conveyance capacity. The proposed winter water volume-water temperature-hydraulic coordination scheduling for the CRSNWD can serve as operational references. |
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