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| 丰满水库一址双坝模式下热状态响应的模拟分析 |
| Simulation analysis of thermal regime alteration under the “one-site two-dam” scenario at Fengman Reservoir |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-22 修订日期：2025-12-31 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 丰满水库 一址双坝 前置挡墙 水温分层 主流区高程 |
| 英文关键词: Fengman reservoir one-site two-dam front retaining wall water temperature stratification main flow zone elevation |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3202500) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 水库热状态对水生生态系统具有重要影响,一址双坝作为特殊的病险坝改造模式对水库热状态的影响机制尚未明确。本文以丰满水库一址双坝(新坝+老坝前置挡墙)为研究对象,构建立面二维水动力—水温—冰情耦合模型,对比分析库区水温、冰情及下泄水温的变化规律。研究表明：一址双坝使库区温跃层上移的同时显著增强了水体稳定分层结构,8月坝前垂向浮力频率由0.67s-1扩大至0.80s-1,对水温分层具有长效调控能力,冬季冰期略有延长,最大冰厚增加约16cm；双坝体系对底层低温水体具有滞留效应,通过老坝的前置挡墙作用在产卵期提升下泄水温0.2~3.3℃,秋冬季平均降低0.9℃；老坝挡墙使 240m 高程以下底层流速降低 30%~50%,分层期主流区中心高程平均抬升 18.0m,主流区高程提升幅度与下泄水温改善幅度、新老坝前库底温差均呈正相关关系,解释度分别达 77%、82%。研究成果为丰满工程运行及生态保护提供科学依据,为类似病险坝治理工程的热状态变化评估提供科学参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The thermal regime of reservoirs plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems. As a special mode of defective dam reconstruction, the influence mechanism of the "one-site two-dam" configuration on reservoir thermal regime alteration remains unclear. Taking the "one-site two-dam" (new dam + old dam as an anterior retaining wall) at Fengman Reservoir as the research object, this study established a vertical two-dimensional hydrodynamic-water temperature-ice regime coupled model to comparatively analyze the variation patterns of water temperature, ice conditions in the reservoir area, and released water temperature. The results show that the "one-site two-dam" configuration significantly elevates the thermocline in the reservoir area while significantly strengthening the stable stratification of the water body. In August, the vertical buoyancy frequency in front of the dam increases from 0.67 s?1 to 0.80 s?1, indicating a long-term regulatory capacity on water temperature stratification. During winter, the icing period is slightly prolonged, with the maximum ice thickness increasing by approximately 16 cm. The two-dam system exhibits a retention effect on low-temperature bottom water. Due to the anterior retaining wall effect of the old dam, the released water temperature increases by 0.2–3.3 °C during the spawning period, while decreasing by an average of 0.9 °C in autumn and winter. The old dam as a retaining wall reduces the bottom flow velocity below Elevation 240 m by 30%–50%. During the stratification period, the central elevation of the main flow zone rises by an average of 18.0 m. The elevation increase of the main flow zone shows a positive correlation with both the amplitude of improvement in released water temperature and the water temperature difference at the reservoir bottom between the new and old dams, with explanation degrees reaching 77% and 82%, respectively. The research results provide a scientific basis for the operation and ecological protection of the Fengman Reservoir, as well as a scientific reference for assessing thermal regime change in similar defective dam rehabilitation projects. |
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