| 杨泽凡,闫肖瑶,唐家璇,曾庆慧,胡鹏.水库低温下泄水延迟洄游鱼类性成熟的流速补偿机制研究[J].水利学报,2025,56(10):1304-1313,1325 |
| 水库低温下泄水延迟洄游鱼类性成熟的流速补偿机制研究 |
| Flow velocity compensation mechanism for delayed sexual maturation of migratory fish due to cold water release from reservoirs |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-11 修订日期：2025-10-09 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20240730 |
| 中文关键词: 性腺发育 水温 流速 雌二醇 低温下泄水 生态调度 |
| 英文关键词: gonad development water temperature flow velocity estradiol low-temperature discharge ecological operation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（U2240202， 52394233）；流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室自主研究课题（WR110145B0032025） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 水温和积温是决定鱼类性腺发育速率的关键因素，但水库滞温效应延迟了下游河段鱼类性腺发育和性成熟。考虑到水流刺激对生殖洄游型鱼类自然繁殖的重要作用，本文提出了通过加大水流刺激以缓解低温水对鱼类性腺发育不利影响的机制，并通过机理实验探索了水温、流速对草鱼性激素分泌的协同影响，分析了草鱼血清雌二醇、睾酮浓度随水温/流速组合条件的变化规律。研究结果发现，当水温达到14℃，提升流速能有效弱化低水温对鱼类性腺发育的延迟效应；在16~20℃水温区间，提升流速对性激素分泌和性腺发育的补偿效果最佳；当流速提升至0.9 m/s，可显著缓解低水温对鱼类性腺发育速率的影响。本文初步验证了高流速对促进鱼类性腺发育、补偿性成熟时积温不足的可行性，为面向鱼类保护的水库生态调度提供了新思路。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Water temperature and cumulative temperature are key factors in determining the gonad development of fish，but the temperature hysteresis effect in reservoirs delays the gonad development and sexual maturity of fish. Considering the crucial role of water flow stimulation in the natural reproduction of migratory fish，this paper proposes a mechanism to mitigate the adverse effects of low-temperature water on fish gonad development by increasing flow velocity. Furthermore，it explores the synergistic effects of water temperature and flow velocity on grass carp's sex hormone secretion through mechanistic experiments，while analyzing changes in serum estradiol and testosterone concentrations. The key findings are as follows：when the water temperature reaches 14 ℃，increasing the flow velocity can effectively mitigate the delaying effect of low water temperature on fish gonad development；in the temperature range of 16-20 ℃ ，increasing flow velocity has the most favorable compensatory effect；by elevating the flow velocity to 0.9 m/s，the influence of low water temperature on fish gonad development can be significantly alleviated. This paper preliminarily verified the feasibility of using high flow velocity to promote fish gonad development and compensate for insufficient cumulative temperature for sexual maturity，providing a new idea for the ecological operation of reservoirs for fish protection. |
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