| 高浩,莫彦,李在玉,李文军,张彦群,李浩.黄河水条件下自动冲洗阀对灌水器堵塞特性的调控机制[J].水利学报,2025,56(11):1517-1528 |
| 黄河水条件下自动冲洗阀对灌水器堵塞特性的调控机制 |
| Regulation mechanism of automatic flushing valve on emitter clogging characteristics during drip irrigation with Yellow River water |
| 投稿时间：2025-05-18 修订日期：2025-11-19 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20250281 |
| 中文关键词: 自动冲洗阀 冲洗时长 灌水器平均相对流量 泥沙排出量 冲洗效率 |
| 英文关键词: automatic flushing valve flushing duration average relative flow sediment discharge flushing efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金黄河水科学研究联合基金（U2443211）；中国水科院基本科研业务费项目（ID0145B042021） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探究自动冲洗阀（AFV）的水力性能变化规律及其对灌水器平均相对流量（Dra）的影响规律，提高黄河水滴灌系统的抗堵塞能力，本研究选取3种规格AFV：ND-15，冲洗时长FD=15 s；FA-40，FD=40 s；FA-80，FD=80 s，并设置无AFV的对照处理CK，进行了400 h的含沙水滴灌系统水力性能测试试验。结果表明，FA-40和FA-80的水力性能变化幅度较小，为-3.3%~5.2%，ND-15的水力性能变化幅度为33.3%~66.6%，稳定性较差。当ND-15、FA-40、FA-80和CK分别运行40、70、210和30 h时，Dra降至75%。当运行时间为170和270 h时，ND-15和CK的Dra降至0。在单次冲洗条件下，FA-40和FA-80输送泥沙的距离分别是滴灌带总长的72.9%和1.6倍，平均排出泥沙量占输入量的95.0%，可大幅度降低泥沙进入灌水器流道的概率，其Dra比CK提高了559.5%~607.1%；ND-15由于FD较小，排出泥沙效率低（排出量/输入量=21.2%），但引入泥沙量高于CK，故其Dra比CK降低了11.3%。对于山西尊村引黄灌区的苹果滴灌系统，当水源含沙量为1.0 g/L时，FA-80在滴灌带运行3~4年情况下可维持Dra≥75%。本研究可为AFV在黄河水滴灌系统中的推广和应用提供技术支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Automatic flushing valves（AFVs）periodically discharge sediment from driplines，enhancing clogging resistance in Yellow River drip irrigation systems. This study evaluated three AFV specifications：ND-15（FD= 15 s），FA-40（FD= 40 s），and FA-80（FD= 80 s），against a no-valve control（CK）over 400 h under 1.0 g/L sediment concentration. We investigated AFV hydraulic performance and its impact on average relative emitter flow （Dra）. FA-40 and FA-80 showed minimal performance changes（-3.3% to 5.2%），while ND-15 varied by 33.3% -66.6%，indicating poor stability. Dra fell to 75% after 40 h（ND-15），70 h（FA-40），210 h（FA-80），and 30 h （CK）；at 170 h and 270 h，Dra for ND-15 and CK dropped to zero. During a single flush，FA-40 and FA-80 transported sediment distances equal to 72.9% and 160% of the 48 m tape length，respectively，and discharged on average 95.0% of input sediment，raising Dra by 559.5%-607.1% over CK；clogging was most severe in front > middle > rear. ND-15’s short FD yielded low discharge efficiency（21.2%），reducing Dra by 11.3% versus CK. Although sediment flushing efficiency（Rsf）first increased and then decreased with FD，FA-80 offers the best balance of anticlogging and water use for field irrigation. For the Zuncun irrigation district in Shanxi Province with 1.0 g/L sediment， FA-80 maintained Dra ≥ 75% during 3-4 years. These findings support AFV deployment in sediment-rich drip irrigation. |
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