| 苏凯,周鑫,龚睿,王向坤,胡志根.基于水荷载增量过程的高压隧洞钢筋混凝土衬砌设计方法[J].水利学报,2025,56(12):1543-1555 |
| 基于水荷载增量过程的高压隧洞钢筋混凝土衬砌设计方法 |
| Design method for reinforced concrete lining of high pressure tunnels based on water load incremental process |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-20 修订日期：2025-12-22 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20250097 |
| 中文关键词: 水工隧洞 钢筋混凝土衬砌 水荷载增量 透水衬砌 水击压力 限裂设计 |
| 英文关键词: hydraulic tunnel reinforced concrete lining water load increment pervious lining water hammer crack limiting design |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51579194，51179140，50809051）；西藏自治区清洁能源科技重大专项（XZ202201ZD0003G） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 水工隧洞施工开挖、衬砌完建和充水运行等工序造成了水力边界条件的有序改变，带来了水荷载的增量效应，在衬砌设计时不可忽略其影响。本文通过建立高压隧洞透水衬砌理论模型，结合静水压力和水击压力的作用特征，分别以体力与面力形式考虑荷载作用，提出了一种基于水荷载增量过程的高压隧洞钢筋混凝土衬砌设计新方法，研究了衬砌与围岩有条件联合承载机理，给出了衬砌限裂设计的优化方向。研究结果表明：（1）基于水荷载增量过程的钢筋混凝土衬砌设计方法能够更准确地反映隧洞的承载特性，弥补了传统透水衬砌法不能考虑水击荷载作用下钢筋应力、裂缝宽度二次骤升等问题的不足；（2）衬砌与围岩间的结合状态是影响衬砌力学行为和结构设计的重要因素，施工完建期在外水荷载作用下衬砌脱离围岩，形成二者独立承载的状态，可在衬砌结构中形成预压应力，有利于运行期衬砌结构安全；（3）建议衬砌设计时以提高围岩强度、降低围岩透水性为主，以降低衬砌厚度、增加配筋率为辅，实现衬砌的限裂优化设计。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The process of excavation，lining construction，and water filling operations leads to orderly changes in hydraulic boundary conditions of hydraulic tunnels，bringing about incremental effects of water load which cannot be ignored in lining design. This study develops a theoretical analysis model for pervious lining of high-pressure tunnels. By considering the characteristics of hydrostatic pressure and water hammer pressure，and incorporating them as body forces and surface forces，respectively，a new design method for reinforced concrete lining of high-pressure tunnels based on the incremental process of water load was proposed. The conditional joint bearing mechanism between the lining and surrounding rock was investigated，and optimization directions for crack limiting design of the lining were provided. The results show that the proposed design method for reinforced concrete lining，based on the water load incremental process，can more accurately reflect the tunnel's bearing characteristics，particularly in terms of the rapid increase in reinforcement stress and crack width under water hammer load，thereby compensating for the limitations of traditional pervious lining methods that fail to account for water hammer effects. Moreover，the interaction between the lining and surrounding rock constitutes a crucial factor influencing the mechanical behavior of the lining. The formation of an independent load-bearing state between the lining and surrounding rock after construction is beneficial to structural safety. It is recommended that the optimization design should focus on improving the strength of surrounding rock and reduce its permeability，supplemented by reducing lining thickness and increasing reinforcement ratio，to achieve optimal crack limiting design. |
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