| 刘熠,张健,俞晓东,陈胜,廖苇嘉.含调节池串联冲击式电站频率调节稳定性与控制策略研究[J].水利学报,2025,56(12):1659-1667 |
| 含调节池串联冲击式电站频率调节稳定性与控制策略研究 |
| Study on frequency regulation stability and control strategy of cascaded Pelton turbine hydropower stations with intermediate regulating reservoirs |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-23 修订日期：2025-12-26 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20250494 |
| 中文关键词: 串联水电站 调节池 冲击式机组 稳定性 控制策略 |
| 英文关键词: cascaded hydropower stations regulating reservoir Pelton turbine stability control strategy |
| 基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项（B250201010）；国家自然科学基金项目（52409112，52379087） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 含调节池串联冲击式电站具有站间水力联系紧密、协同运行控制复杂等特点，过渡过程特性显著不同于常规单级水电站。目前，该类电站输水发电系统稳定性机理尚不明晰，协同运行控制策略亟需进一步研究。本文以含调节池串联冲击式电站为研究对象，首先建立了常规频率调节模式下的系统稳定性分析模型，推导了特征方程并给出了系统稳定性判别条件，理论上论证了当两级电站均采用转速偏差作为反馈信号进行调节时串联电站系统不可能稳定，其失稳机理在于调速器在调节转速的同时加剧了站间流量不匹配，导致调节池水位持续上升或下降，进而诱发二级站失稳。在此基础上，提出了串联电站频率调节的控制策略，即一级站采用频率调节模式，二级站采用调节池水位偏差作为反馈，并通过特征值分析和数值仿真进行了验证，结果表明该策略能有效抑制调节池水位波动失稳并改善整个系统稳定性。最后分析了调节池面积、水位反馈控制参数对系统稳定性和动态特性的影响，结果表明：增大调节池面积将导致调节池水位波动周期和稳定时间增长，增大水位偏差比例增益、减小水位偏差积分增益有利于提高系统稳定性和动态品质。研究成果对保障含调节池串联冲击式电站同步稳定运行具有重要的理论和工程应用价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Cascaded Pelton turbine hydropower stations with intermediate regulating reservoirs are characterized by strong hydraulic coupling between stations and complex coordinated operation，and their transient behaviors differ significantly from those of conventional single-stage hydropower stations. At present，the stability mechanism of the water conveyance and power generation system of such stations remains unclear，and the coordinated operation control strategy requires further investigation. In this study，two cascaded Pelton turbine hydropower station with an intermediate regulating reservoir is taken as the research object. First，a system stability analysis model under conventional frequency regulation mode is established，the characteristic equation is derived，and the stability criterion is obtained. Theoretical analysis shows that the system becomes unstable when both stations adopt the rotational speed deviation feedback for regulation，because the governors aggravate discharge mismatch between stations while regulating speed， causing the reservoir water level to continuously rise or fall and ultimately destabilizing the second-stage station. On this basis，we propose a control scheme for frequency regulation in which the first-stage station adopts the frequency regulation mode，while the second-stage station uses the regulating reservoir water level deviation as the feedback signal. The effectiveness of this strategy is verified through eigenvalue analysis and numerical simulations，and the results indicate that it can effectively suppress regulating reservoir water level instability and improve system stability. Furthermore，the impacts of reservoir area and water-level feedback control parameters on system stability and dynamic characteristics are analyzed. The results show that increasing the regulating reservoir area prolongs the oscillation period and stabilization time of the water level，while increasing the proportional gain and decreasing the integral gain of the water-level deviation are beneficial to enhancing system stability and dynamic performance. The research findings are of significant theoretical and engineering value for ensuring the synchronous and stable operation of cascaded Pelton turbine hydropower stations with intermediate regulating reservoirs. |
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