| 郑铁刚,张志广,孙双科,李广宁,柳海涛,温静雅.自适应库水位变幅的竖缝式鱼道出口优化及通过性分析[J].水利学报,2025,56(7):853-861 |
| 自适应库水位变幅的竖缝式鱼道出口优化及通过性分析 |
| Optimization design and passability analysis of vertical slot fishway outlet for self-adapting to water level fluctuation in reservoir |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-14 修订日期：2025-06-30 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20240742 |
| 中文关键词: 竖缝式鱼道 单出口 水位变幅 溢流段 水力特性 |
| 英文关键词: vertical slot fishway single exit section fluctuation of water level overflow section hydraulics |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3204203); 重大工程科研项目(12IJG202400055,2020070604-ky-2021-09,KY20240281) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在过去的30年里，竖缝式鱼道是国内外流行的鱼道设计型式之一。鱼道出口段水深设计是影响整个鱼道运行过程中鱼类洄游的主要因素之一。为了适应鱼道上游水位的频繁变动，提出了一种新的竖缝式鱼道出口段设计方法，鱼道出口段由深水段、溢流段和浅水段三部分组成。通过开展物理模型试验与数值模拟计算对鱼道出口段水力特性进行详细研究。研究结果表明，无论鱼道出口处的水位如何，浅水段的水深和速度分布都是均匀的；但由于溢流段的设置，深水段的水力学指标沿程分布不均匀，受壅水影响导致溢流段上游池室竖缝断面流速降低；不同上游水位条件下，溢流段通过溢流平衡了鱼道出口和入口之间的流量，且溢流量满足薄壁侧堰泄流关系式。综合分析可见，鱼道出口段水力特性满足洄游鱼类上溯需求，表明竖缝式鱼道单出口设计方案是可行的，适用于日调节水库。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Vertical slot fishways （VSFs） have been one of the popular fishway design types worldwide over the past 30 years.The water depth at the exit section is one of the main factors affecting fish migration during VSF operation.To match the fluctuation of the water depth at the VSF exit section,an optimal VSF design method is proposed here.The outlet section of the optimized fishway consists of three parts:the deep-water section,overflow section,and shallow-water section.Through physical model tests and numerical simulation calculations,the hydraulic characteristics of the outlet section of the fishway are studied in detail.The water depth and velocity profiles at the shallow section are uniform regardless of the water level at the VSF exit.Nevertheless,the hydrodynamic profiles at the deepwater section are non-uniform owing to the backwater effect,which decreases the velocity in the slot.Under different upstream water levels,the overflow section balanced the discharge between the inlet and outlet of the VSF through overflow,which basically satisfies the discharge relationship of a sharp-crested side weir.Although non-uniform conditions are present in the deep-water section,hydrodynamic profiles are suitable for migrating fish to pass through.This indicates that the optimized VSF is fish-friendly.The optimal VSF design method has major implications in reallife scenarios where uniform operating conditions are rarely achieved,particularly for daily regulation reservoirs. |
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