| 李琳琪,张红武,傅旭东,侯琳,郭庆超,黄海.黄河下游输沙需水量模拟预测研究[J].水利学报,2025,56(8):1037-1048 |
| 黄河下游输沙需水量模拟预测研究 |
| Simulation and prediction of water demand for sediment transport in the lower Yellow River |
| 投稿时间：2024-06-07 修订日期：2025-07-04 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20240347 |
| 中文关键词: 输沙需水量 黄河下游 河床综合稳定性指标 数值模型 推移质输沙 |
| 英文关键词: water demand for sediment transportation lower reaches of the Yellow River integrated riverbed stability index numerical model bedload transport |
| 基金项目:内蒙古自治区财政重大专项（2024JBGS0016）；水利部重大科技项目（SKR-2022055）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（52379083） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 黄河下游输沙需水量的合理预测对优化水沙调控、保障防洪安全及提升河道治理效果至关重要。本文引入带有平均含沙量分布系数a*与非饱和系数fS的非平衡输沙方程计算沿程含沙量变化，以河床综合稳定性指标作为河道整治工程的约束程度，构建出黄河下游河段冲淤数值模型，并利用黄河下游实测水沙数据对模型进行验证。通过选取不同来水来沙条件的10组方案进行模拟，研究发现输沙需水量与来沙量呈正相关关系，在来沙量超过5亿t时，需水量增长趋缓。此外，河道整治程度的提高能够有效减少输沙需水量，例如，当河床综合稳定性指标ZW由4提升至4.5时，相同来沙量下的需水量可降低约10%。进一步的模拟预测显示，黄河下游未来年输沙量在2亿~3亿t时，输沙需水量为100亿~155亿m3，且当前水资源配置基本能够满足输沙需求。本研究的成果可为黄河下游水沙调控及河道治理提供科学依据，并对高含沙河流的水沙调控研究亦具有重要的参考价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Reasonable prediction of water demand for sediment transport in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is crucial for optimizing water-sediment regulation，ensuring flood control safety，and enhancing the effectiveness of river channel management. This study introduces a non-equilibrium sediment transport equation incorporating the average sediment concentration distribution coefficient a* and the unsaturated coefficient fS to calculate the variation in sediment concentration along the river course. A numerical model of channel erosion and deposition is constructed， with the integrated riverbed stability index serving as a constraint for river regulation projects. The model is validated using measured water and sediment data from the lower Yellow River. By simulating 10 scenarios with different water and sediment conditions，the study finds a positive correlation between sediment transport water demand and sediment inflow. When the sediment inflow exceeds 500 million t，the growth in water demand tends to slow down. Furthermore，an increase in the degree of river regulation effectively reduces the sediment transport water demand. For instance，when the integrated riverbed stability index ZW increases from 4 to 4.5，the required water volume for the same sediment inflow can be reduced by approximately 10%. Further simulation predictions suggest that when the annual sediment transport volume in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is between 200 and 300 million t，the corresponding water demand ranges from 10 to 15.5 billion m3，and the current water resource allocation is generally sufficient to meet sediment transport needs. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for water-sediment regulation and river channel management in the lower Yellow River and offer valuable insights into water-sediment regulation in high-sediment rivers. |
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