| 曹平,白音包力皋,穆祥鹏,许凤冉,董志强,刘佳明.鱼类育肥场水力生境指标体系及生态流量研究——以楠溪江香鱼为例[J].水利学报,2025,56(8):1061-1071 |
| 鱼类育肥场水力生境指标体系及生态流量研究——以楠溪江香鱼为例 |
| Hydraulic index system and ecological flow of fish’s fattening area：A case study of Plecoglossus altivelis in the Nanxi River |
| 投稿时间：2024-04-24 修订日期：2025-08-19 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20240233 |
| 中文关键词: 鱼类育肥场 栖息地斑块 指标体系 适宜生态流量 |
| 英文关键词: fish’s fattening area habitat patches index system appropriate ecological flow |
| 基金项目:中国水科院科研专项（HY0145C122015） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 育肥场既要满足鱼类摄食的需求，又要满足鱼类休憩、避难的需求，构建鱼类育肥场水力生境指标体系是量化鱼类育肥场功能特性及推求育肥适宜生态流量的基础。本研究从育肥场整体功能及水流空间异质性出发，选用水深、流速、弗劳德数、流速梯度、动能梯度5个指标作为育肥场水力指标层；深潭、急流、浅滩、岸边缓流4个指标作为栖息地斑块层；斑块面积比、水域面积比、香浓多样性指数、聚集度4个指标作为斑块景观指标层，结合各指标对鱼类育肥的生态意义构建了3层、13个指标的鱼类育肥场水力生境指标体系。并采用二维水动力模型，分析了楠溪江香鱼育肥河段内水流变化特征、斑块分布及变化特征，以及香鱼育肥期适宜流量范围。结果表明：育肥河段的水力生境指标及其分布随着流量的变化而变化，在流量89.09 m3/s附近，各类型斑块相间分布，斑块面积比之间差异小，多样性指数最高，可作为香鱼育肥场的适宜生态流量。研究结果可为鱼类育肥场的保护与修复提供科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A fish’s fattening area should not only meet the dietary requirements of fish but also address the resting and shelter needs of the fish. The construction of a hydraulic ecology index system for fish fattening area is the basis for quantifying the functional characteristics of fish fattening area and deducing the suitable ecological flow for fatten ing. This study considered the overall function of the fattening area and the spatial heterogeneity of water flow，five types of hydraulic indicators，water depth，flow velocity，Froude number，velocity gradient and kinetic energy gradient were selected as the hydraulic index layer，four types of habitat patches indicators，pool，rapids，riffle and slackwater were introduced as fattening habitat patches index layer，and four types of landscape indicators，percentage of landscape，percentage of water area，shannon’s diversity index，and aggregation index were selected as the patch landscape index layer. A total of 13 indicators in 3 layers，combined with their ecological significance for fish fattening，were used to construct the index system of fish’s fattening area. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to analyze the characteristics of the water flow in Ayu’s fattening area of Nanxi River and the appropriate ecological flow for Ayu’s fattening. The study results indicate that with the change of flow，the area and distribution of habitat patch also changed. Around the flow of 89.09 m3/s，the different types of patches are distributed in interphase， with little variation in patch area ratio，resulting in the highest Shannon’s Diversity Index，which can be used as the suitable ecological flow for Ayu fattening. The results can provide a scientific basis for protecting and restoring the fish’s fattening area. |
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