| 朱伟,王意超,朱瑜星,陈诺,王心怡.河湖库清淤工程底泥评价的研究进展[J].水利学报,2025,56(8):1084-1094 |
| 河湖库清淤工程底泥评价的研究进展 |
| A review of sediment assessment for dredging projects in rivers，lakes，and reservoirs |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-20 修订日期：2025-07-17 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20240605 |
| 中文关键词: 淤积治理 底泥清淤 评价标准 氮磷 有机质 |
| 英文关键词: siltation management sediment removal evaluation standards nitrogen-phosphorus organic matter |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3202700） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 25 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 我国正处于河流湖泊水库淤积治理的重要时期，面临着清淤量大、类型复杂及工程要求多目标的挑战。现代“淤积治理”与传统“工程疏浚”有较大的不同，更加强调水资源利用、水环境保护和水生态健康。确定清淤对象的方法正从“断面评价”向综合考虑资源、环境、生态功能的“多目的评价”发展。因此，清淤工程对底泥评价方法提出了更复杂的要求，如何进行底泥评价成为了决定工程效益的重要内容。本文梳理总结了我国河湖库淤积治理的实际类型以及当前使用的各种评价方法，并参考国际上底泥评价的各种标准和指南，对其使用方法进行了综述和总结。研究认为：底泥评价需要根据淤积治理的目的，对“断面评价法”“污染物评价法”“底质评价法”或“包络线评价法”进行选择。虽然我国当前因底泥污染而清淤的工程众多，但针对底泥污染进行评价的方法仍需完善。国外制定了多种污染物评估指南，更多关注于重金属和有机污染物的评价。由于与发达国家治理阶段不同，我国目前更多关注有机污染和富营养化问题。针对我国底泥污染主要是有机污染（有机质）和营养盐释放（氮磷）的现状，建议采用实态释放实验或数值模拟的方法进行底泥评价，且释放实验的环境条件应更加关注底泥-水界面实际溶解氧的变化。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| China is currently in a critical period for addressing sedimentation in rivers，lakes，and reservoirs，facing challenges such as large-scale sediment removal，diverse sediment types，and varying engineering requirements. Modern "sediment management" significantly differs from traditional "engineering dredging，" placing greater emphasis on water resource utilization，water environment protection，and aquatic ecosystem health. Consequently，the selection of sediment removal targets has shifted from a "cross-sectional evaluation" approach to a "multi-objective evaluation" framework that incorporates resource，environmental，and ecological functions. These evolving requirements have introduced complexities into evaluation methodologies，making sediment assessment a critical factor in determining the effectiveness of sediment management projects. This paper reviews the practical types of sediment management in rivers，lakes，and reservoirs across China and summarizes the various evaluation methods currently in use. Drawing from international standards and guidelines on sediment assessment，this paper provides an overview of the methods employed. According to the purpose of siltation control，sediment evaluation should choose the“crosssection evaluation method”，“pollutant evaluation method”，“substrate evaluation method”，or“envelope evaluation method”. While numerous projects involve sediment removal due to sediment pollution，the methodologies for assessing sediment pollution require further refinement. Internationally，existing guidelines for sediment assessment primarily focus on the evaluation of heavy metals and organic pollutants. However，given China's different management priorities，current efforts are more focused on addressing organic pollution and eutrophication. For organic pollution （organic matter）and nutrient release（nitrogen and phosphorus）in sediments，it is recommended to employ in situ real-state release experiments or numerical simulations. These experiments should pay particular attention to the actual dissolved oxygen variations at the sediment-water interface. |
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