| 侯琳,张红武.黄河下游宽河段最优输沙断面参量研究[J].水利学报,2025,56(9):1178-1188 |
| 黄河下游宽河段最优输沙断面参量研究 |
| Research on the optimal section parameters for sediment transport in the wide section of the lower Yellow River |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-23 修订日期：2025-09-16 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20240349 |
| 中文关键词: 最优输沙断面 输沙河宽 黄河下游 水流阻力 河道整治期望指标 |
| 英文关键词: optimal sediment transport cross-section sand transport river width the lower Yellow River water flow resistance expected indicators for river regulation |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0402500）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（52009145）；鄂尔多斯水利科技重点项目（20232000090） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 预测多沙河流河床自动调整形成的稳定水力几何形态，对河道防洪、航道整治等工程规划均有重要意义。本文在回顾现有最优河宽求解方法的基础上，探究输沙能力最大的河槽形态，将水流连续方程、水流挟沙力公式、河床综合稳定性指标及基于摩阻曲线的动床阻力公式联立，求解河宽、水深、流速、比降、糙率等参量，揭示了主槽最大输沙能力与输沙河宽的变化规律。计算给出不同流量下的河宽与悬移质输沙能力曲线均呈先增大后减小的趋势，每一级流量下都出现一个输沙能力最大的极值点，相对应的河宽即为最优输沙河宽，视为可将其现代治导线宽度。从这些曲线看出，最优河宽与输沙流量成正比，与由河床综合稳定性指标表征的整治期望指标成反比。按照小浪底水库进入正常运用期下游河床条件和河道整治约束情况，整治期望指标设定为4时，计算得输沙流量为3000、4000和5000 m3/s所对应的最优输沙河宽为654、754和838 m，随着整治要求的提高，对应的最优输沙宽度不断减少。此外，本文还建立了糙率与P、FrA等水力泥沙因子之间的关系，从而能够在一定整治流量及河道整治期望下，求解黄河下游宽河段水流阻力最小对应的河槽输沙断面参量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Predicting the stable hydraulic geometry formed by the automatic erosion and sedimentation adjustment of the riverbed in a sandy river under certain water and sediment conditions is of great significance for engineering applications such as river flood control，regulation，and waterway planning. On the basis of reviewing the existing methods for solving the optimal river width，this article aims to explore the channel shape that has the maximum sediment transport capacity. By combining the water flow continuity equation，the sediment carrying capacity formula，the comprehensive stability index，and the dynamic bed resistance formula based on the friction curve，the parameters of river width，water depth，flow velocity，slope，roughness，etc. are solved，which are the optimal cross-sectional characteristic parameters corresponding to the maximum sediment transport capacity of the river channel. The variation law of sediment transport capacity and width of the river channel is revealed. The results show that the equilibrium sediment transport rate versus river width curve under different flow rates exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. At each level of flow，there is an extreme point with the highest sediment transport rate，and the corresponding river width is the optimal sediment transport river width. Therefore，it can be regarded as the main channel width or modern control line width in the theory of "bundling water and attacking sand". From the system calculation curve，it can be seen that the optimal river width is directly proportional to the sediment discharge and inversely proportional to the expected indicators for regulation. According to the downstream riverbed conditions and river regulation constraints during the normal operation period of Xiaolangdi Reservoir，when the comprehensive stability index of the riverbed is set to 4，the optimal sediment discharge river widths corresponding to 3000，4000，and 5000 m3/s are calculated to be 654，754，and 838 m. Under a certain sediment discharge rate，the optimal sediment transport river width decreases continuously with the increase of remediation requirements. For the wide section of the lower Yellow River，only the regulating flow rate（bed making flow rate）and the stability index value of the channel regulation need to be provided. In addition，this article also establishes the relationship between roughness and hydraulic sediment factors such as P and FrA，thereby solving the sediment transport section parameters corresponding to the minimum water flow resistance in the wide section of the lower Yellow River under specific regulation flow and river regulation expectations. |
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