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Research on primary frequency regulation of hydroelectric units assisted by flywheel energy
storage based on fuzzy frequency division control

1
1
1

ZHANG Hao ，ZHANG Tian ，LI Chenxi ，GUO Pengcheng 1，2

（1. Institute of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering，Xi’an University of Technology，Xi’an 710048，China；2. State Key

Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area，Xi’an University of Technology，Xi’an 710048，China）

Abstract：With the increasing penetration of wind，solar，and other renewable energy sources，the quality of grid fre⁃

quency is facing greater challenges. As a frequency regulation resource，hydroelectric units are also encountering

more severe frequency regulation challenges. Flywheel energy storage，with its advantages of fast response and high

short-term power output，provides a new approach to alleviating the frequency regulation pressure on hydroelectric
units. This paper establishes a simulation model of flywheel energy storage-assisted hydroelectric units for primary fre⁃
quency regulation and proposes a primary frequency regulation command decomposition method with variable filtering
time constants based on fuzzy control theory. Additionally，the Logistic function is introduced to constrain the output

power of flywheel energy storage under different states of charge. A flywheel energy storage-assisted hydroelectric pri⁃
mary frequency regulation control strategy based on fuzzy frequency division control is designed. Simulation results
validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Compared to the non-energy storage scheme，the proposed strategy

reduces the maximum frequency deviation by 76.02% and the steady-state frequency deviation by 13.48% under step

disturbances，while also smoothing the hydroelectric output. Under continuous disturbances，the fuzzy frequency divi⁃
sion strategy further leverages the advantages of flywheel energy storage as a "power-type" energy storage system，
enhancing the frequency regulation support capability of hydroelectric units to the power system and improving the
operating conditions of hydroelectric units.

Keywords：primary frequency regulation；hydroelectric units；flywheel energy storage；fuzzy frequency division；

coordinated control
（责任编辑：王 婧）

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