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                              Theory and application of ice thermodynamics and mechanics
                                       for sinking naturally gabions mattress on ice

                                                      2
                                          1
                                                                      1
                               1
                   LI Chunjiang ,LI Zhijun ,YANG Yu ,WANG Qingkai ,ZHANG Baosen       3,4 ,DENG Yu  3,4
                    (1. State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian  116024,China;
                           2. Department of Preparatory Course,Shenyang Institute of Engineering,Shenyang  110136,China;
                                3. Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,YRCC,Zhengzhou  450003,China;
                               4. Research Center on Levee Safety Disaster Prevention,MWR,Zhengzhou  450003,China)

                   Abstract: In order to effectively implement the natural sinking of gabions mattress on ice, field experi⁃
                   ments of gabions mattress were carried out in the winter of 2020-2021 at Shisifenzi bend of the Yellow
                   River. Some data were collected,including winter meteorological data in winter,observation data of ice de⁃
                   formation around gabion mattress and measured ice thickness data. Based on the above data and previous re⁃
                   sults of ice bearing capacity,the heat flux at the ice-water interface during the experiment in Shisifenzi of
                                          2
                   the Yellow River is 9.06W/m and the attenuation coefficient of bearing capacity under long-term load of
                   ice layer is 0.08. The ice bearing capacity expression including ice thickness, ice temperature and decay
                   time is constructed. Using the above expression,the construction safety boundary conditions under the com⁃
                   bined conditions of air temperature and ice thickness are calculated,which results are the premise that the
                   gabions mattress construction can be completed within 120h. It is suggested that the construction safety ice
                   thickness should be increased by 10% with a small defect of ice containing air bubbles,sediment and tiny
                   cracks. If the ice crack depth exceeds 50% of the ice thickness or the crack has water flow,the construc⁃
                   tion safety ice thickness increases by 40%.
                   Keywords:Yellow River ice;ice thermodynamics;ice mechanics;bearing capacity;sinking naturally gabi⁃
                   ons mattress

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