Page 95 - 2023年第54卷第2期
P. 95
Optimallayoutofmicroirrigationnetworkforirregularshapedsubunits
consideringuniformityofirrigationandannualcost
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ZHANGJina ,WANGZhen,LIMin,LIJiusheng
(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofSimulationandRegulationofWaterCycleinRiverBasin,ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesand
HydropowerResearch,Beijing 100038,China;2.KeyLaboratoryofAgriculturalSoilandWaterEngineering
inAridandSemiaridAreas ,MinistryofEducation,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling 712100,China)
Abstract:Amodel(HAPIS)wasconstructedforhydraulicanalysisofpressurizedirrigationsystem couplingthe
MATLABandEPANET.Theoptimizationandevaluationofhydraulicandeconomicperformanceofmicroirrigation
systemwasrealizedbycalculatingtheirrigationsystem uniformityandannualcost.Analyseswereconductedto
evaluatetheeffectsofwaterintakeposition(WIP),controlarea(S)andbottomangle( α )ofright - angledtrian
glesubunitswithunidirectionallaterals(M 1 )andpairedlaterals(M 2 ).Theresultsindicatedthatthedischarge
deviation(q)decreasedby29.3% and6.8% forM 1 andM 2 withoptimizationoftheWIP,respectively.TheM 2
v
effectivelyreducedthesensitivityofsystem uniformitytotheWIP.Locatingthewaterintakeofmanifoldnearthe
longerlateralswasbeneficialtoreducetheannualcost.Thedischargedeviationandannualcostincreasedandde
creasedgreatlywiththecontrolareainsubunitunderaconstantexternaldiameterofmanifold,respectively.The
M 1 andM 2 wererecommendedtobeappliedtoincreasethemaximalcontrolareawhentheexternaldiameterofman
ifoldwasgreaterandlessthan63mm ,respectively.Manifoldwithexcessivelylargeexternaldiameter(e.g.,
90mm)shouldnotbeusedtoavoidtheobviousincreaseofannualcostcausedbythehighpriceofthemanifold.
Underthesamecontrolarea,theirrigationsystemuniformityinM 2 wasnotsensitivetothechangeofbottomangle.
Theirrigationuniformityinsubunitswithpairedlateralsisobviouslyhigherthanthosewithunidirectionallaterals.
FurtherdevelopmentandapplicationoftheconstructedmodelHAPIScouldprovidegreatsupportforthedesignand
operationoflarge - scaledripirrigationsystems.
Keywords:dripirrigation;irregularunit;networkoptimization;hydraulicsimulation;economicevaluation.
(责任编辑:王 婧)
(上接第 207页)
Periodicityandmechanism ofgroundwaterecologicalfunctioninnaturaloasis
inthelowerreachesofShiyangRiverBasin
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CUIHaohao ,ZHANGGuanghui,WANGQian,YANMingjiang,CAOLe ,LIUPengfei
(1.InstituteofHydrogeologyandEnvironmentalGeology,ChineseAcademyofGeologicalSciences,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;
2.ChinaUniversityofGeosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)
Abstract:InthelowerreachesofShiyangRiverBasininthenorthwestChina,precipitationisscarceandevapora
tionisstrong.Thenaturalvegetationisstronglydependentonthephreaticwaterdepth.Thereisstillalackofin -
depthunderstandingofthecharacteristicsandmechanismsofthisecologicalfunctionofgroundwater.Inthispa
per,in-situ monitoring, high-resolution remote sensing detection and interpretation, and multivariate
correlationanalysisareusedtostudytherelationshipbetweengroundwaterecologicalfunctionandphreaticwater
depth ,temperature,precipitation,andsurfacerunoff.Theresultsshowthat:(1)thestrongerthegroundwater
ecologicalfunction,thehigherthenaturalvegetationcoverageorthegreaterthenormalizedvegetationindex;
(2)Thegroundwaterecologicalfunctionhastimelinessandinterannualanddiurnalvariationperiodicity.Thepe
riodfromApriltothefirsttendaysofJulyeachyearistheperiodwhenthegroundwaterecologicalfunctiongradu
allyincreases.7∶30 - 19∶00everydayisthemainactionperiodofgroundwaterecologicalfunction ,whichis
mainlycontrolledbytheperiodicchangesoftemperature ,sunshine,evaporation,precipitationintheupstream
area,surfacerunoffandphreaticwaterdepththroughouttheyear;(3)Whenthephreaticwaterdepthisgreater
thanthelimitecologicalwaterleveleveryyear ,thegroundwaterecologicalfunctionisinafailurestate,andthe
morearidtheclimateis ,theearlierthefailureperiodstartsandends.Therefore,theecologicalfunctionof
groundwaterinthenaturaloasisinthelowerreachesofShiyangRiverBasininthenorthwestinlandhastheperio
dicityofinterannualandintraannualchanges.
Keywords:aridareas;groundwaterecologicalfunction;timeliness;strongandweakperiodicity;formationmecha
nism
(责任编辑:耿庆斋)
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