Page 95 - 2023年第54卷第2期
P. 95

Optimallayoutofmicroirrigationnetworkforirregularshapedsubunits
                                    consideringuniformityofirrigationandannualcost

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                                     ZHANGJina ,WANGZhen,LIMin,LIJiusheng
                     (1.StateKeyLaboratoryofSimulationandRegulationofWaterCycleinRiverBasin,ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesand
                         HydropowerResearch,Beijing 100038,China;2.KeyLaboratoryofAgriculturalSoilandWaterEngineering
                          inAridandSemiaridAreas ,MinistryofEducation,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling 712100,China)
                  Abstract:Amodel(HAPIS)wasconstructedforhydraulicanalysisofpressurizedirrigationsystem couplingthe
                  MATLABandEPANET.Theoptimizationandevaluationofhydraulicandeconomicperformanceofmicroirrigation
                  systemwasrealizedbycalculatingtheirrigationsystem uniformityandannualcost.Analyseswereconductedto
                  evaluatetheeffectsofwaterintakeposition(WIP),controlarea(S)andbottomangle( α )ofright - angledtrian
                  glesubunitswithunidirectionallaterals(M 1 )andpairedlaterals(M 2 ).Theresultsindicatedthatthedischarge
                  deviation(q)decreasedby29.3% and6.8% forM 1 andM 2 withoptimizationoftheWIP,respectively.TheM 2
                           v
                  effectivelyreducedthesensitivityofsystem uniformitytotheWIP.Locatingthewaterintakeofmanifoldnearthe
                  longerlateralswasbeneficialtoreducetheannualcost.Thedischargedeviationandannualcostincreasedandde
                  creasedgreatlywiththecontrolareainsubunitunderaconstantexternaldiameterofmanifold,respectively.The
                  M 1 andM 2 wererecommendedtobeappliedtoincreasethemaximalcontrolareawhentheexternaldiameterofman
                  ifoldwasgreaterandlessthan63mm ,respectively.Manifoldwithexcessivelylargeexternaldiameter(e.g.,
                  90mm)shouldnotbeusedtoavoidtheobviousincreaseofannualcostcausedbythehighpriceofthemanifold.
                  Underthesamecontrolarea,theirrigationsystemuniformityinM 2 wasnotsensitivetothechangeofbottomangle.
                  Theirrigationuniformityinsubunitswithpairedlateralsisobviouslyhigherthanthosewithunidirectionallaterals.
                  FurtherdevelopmentandapplicationoftheconstructedmodelHAPIScouldprovidegreatsupportforthedesignand
                  operationoflarge - scaledripirrigationsystems.
                  Keywords:dripirrigation;irregularunit;networkoptimization;hydraulicsimulation;economicevaluation.
                                                                                    (责任编辑:王 婧)


              (上接第 207页)
                        Periodicityandmechanism ofgroundwaterecologicalfunctioninnaturaloasis
                                        inthelowerreachesofShiyangRiverBasin
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                   CUIHaohao ,ZHANGGuanghui,WANGQian,YANMingjiang,CAOLe ,LIUPengfei
                   (1.InstituteofHydrogeologyandEnvironmentalGeology,ChineseAcademyofGeologicalSciences,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;
                                     2.ChinaUniversityofGeosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)
                  Abstract:InthelowerreachesofShiyangRiverBasininthenorthwestChina,precipitationisscarceandevapora
                  tionisstrong.Thenaturalvegetationisstronglydependentonthephreaticwaterdepth.Thereisstillalackofin -
                  depthunderstandingofthecharacteristicsandmechanismsofthisecologicalfunctionofgroundwater.Inthispa
                  per,in-situ monitoring, high-resolution remote sensing detection and interpretation, and multivariate
                  correlationanalysisareusedtostudytherelationshipbetweengroundwaterecologicalfunctionandphreaticwater
                  depth ,temperature,precipitation,andsurfacerunoff.Theresultsshowthat:(1)thestrongerthegroundwater
                  ecologicalfunction,thehigherthenaturalvegetationcoverageorthegreaterthenormalizedvegetationindex;
                  (2)Thegroundwaterecologicalfunctionhastimelinessandinterannualanddiurnalvariationperiodicity.Thepe
                  riodfromApriltothefirsttendaysofJulyeachyearistheperiodwhenthegroundwaterecologicalfunctiongradu
                  allyincreases.7∶30 - 19∶00everydayisthemainactionperiodofgroundwaterecologicalfunction ,whichis
                  mainlycontrolledbytheperiodicchangesoftemperature ,sunshine,evaporation,precipitationintheupstream
                  area,surfacerunoffandphreaticwaterdepththroughouttheyear;(3)Whenthephreaticwaterdepthisgreater
                  thanthelimitecologicalwaterleveleveryyear ,thegroundwaterecologicalfunctionisinafailurestate,andthe
                  morearidtheclimateis ,theearlierthefailureperiodstartsandends.Therefore,theecologicalfunctionof
                  groundwaterinthenaturaloasisinthelowerreachesofShiyangRiverBasininthenorthwestinlandhastheperio
                  dicityofinterannualandintraannualchanges.
                  Keywords:aridareas;groundwaterecologicalfunction;timeliness;strongandweakperiodicity;formationmecha
                  nism
                                                                                    (责任编辑:耿庆斋)

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