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                     Physicalschemeandparametrizationbyusingairtemperatureandicethicknessto
                             improveaccuracyofGPRpropagationvelocityinYellowRiverice

                                                                                     3,4
                                                                         3,4
                                             1
                                                        2
                               1
                       LIZhijun,LIChunjiang,YANGYu,ZHANGBaosen ,DENGYu ,LIGuoyu                  5
                     (1.StateKeyLaboratoryofCoastalandOffshoreEngineering,DalianUniversityofTechnology,Dalian 116023,China;
                            2.DepartmentofPreparatoryCourse,ShenyangInstituteofEngineering,Shenyang 110136,China;
                                 3.YellowRiverInstituteofHydraulicResearch,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China;
                               4.ResearchCenteronLeveeSafetyDisasterPrevention,MWR,Zhengzhou 450003,China;
                           5.StateKeyLaboratoryofFrozenSoilEngineering,NorthwestInstituteofEco - EnvironmentandResources,
                                          ChineseAcademyofSciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

                  Abstract:Theunfrozenfreeandunfreewateroccurinwaterfilmamongtheicecrystalsinthermalgrowthiceand
                  consolidatediceblocksintheYellowRiver,anditscontentvariesewiththeicetemperature.Theoretically,the
                  propagationvelocityofradarwavedependsontheicecrystalconstructionandcompositions ,however,theunfrozen
                  wateramountaffectsthevelocityobservably.Theunfrozenwateramountdependsonicetemperature;andtheice
                  temperatureiscontrolledbyairtemperature,radiationandicethicknessmainly.Aftertheanalyzingoflocalair
                  temperatureandtheGPRicethicknessatShensifenzi,YellowRiverinthewinterof2020 - 2021,itwasconfirmed
                  thattheairtemperatureisthekeyfactoraffectingtheunfrozenwateramount.Anarrayof1251simulatedice
                  thicknessbyusinga1 - Dthermalicemodelwithairtemperature ,solarradiation,windspeedandcloudamount
                  afterobtainingtheheatfluxbetweenice - waterfortheYellowRivericereliedon13drilledicethicknessdata.
                  Basedonthesestudies,thestatisticalrelationshipsofthepropagationvelocitiesingranularandcolumnaricewith
                  airtemperature ,andwithairtemperatureaswellasicethicknessforairtemperatureincreasinganddecreasing
                  processeswereperformed.Finally ,theserelationshipscanbecomeparametrizationsofadynamicalerrorcorrection
                  algorithmofpropagationvelocityofGPR combinedwithairtemperatureandicethicknesswasproposed.Theses
                  formulacouldbeusedastheparameterizationfunctioninsteadofaconstantpropagationvelocityofGPR forthe
                  suspendedfixed - pointradartoobtainhigheraccurateradarmeasuredicethickness.Followingthefactsoffrazil
                  undericeandnon - consolidatediceblocksinicejamsalongtheYellowRiver ,thedifferentresearchcasesforthe
                  radaricethicknessmeasurementsweresuggested.
                  Keywords:YellowRiverice;dielectricconstant;GPRwavespeed;icethickness;parametrization


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