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Unified incipient velocity formula of non-cohesive sediments
for open channel flow and ice-cover flow

1，2，3 1，2 1，2 4
MA Zipu ，ZHANG Baosen ，DENG Yu ，LI Chunjiang
（1．Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research，YRCC，Zhengzhou 450003，China；
2．Research Center of Levee Safety and Disaster Prevention，MWR，Zhengzhou 450003，China；
3. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research， Beijing 100048，China；
4. State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering，Dalian University of Technology，Dalian 116024，China）

Abstract： To obtain the formula for incipient velocity of non-cohesive sediment particles under the condi⁃
tion of ice-covered flow and reveal the mechanism of the strong erosion and deposition changes of river sec⁃
tion during ice period，a unified formula for incipient velocity was derived based on Einstein's assumption，
which was suitable for both open channel flow and ice-covered flow. The formula was in good agreement
with the experimental data. When the roughness of ice-cover was 0， the formula of incipient velocity of
ice-covered flow was reduced to that of open channel flow. The relationships between the incipient velocity
and the maximum incipient particle size under the conditions of open channel flow，ice-cover flow and ice
jam were compared by using the formula obtained. The results showed that the incipient velocity was the
smallest and the maximum incipient particle size was the largest under the condition of ice jam. The
causes of the strong erosion and deposition changes in Toudaoguai cross-section of the Yellow River in
2014 was that the ice jam formed due to the accumulation of ice flowers， which led to the increase of
maximum incipient particle size. The formula obtained and the mechanism revealed will provide an impor⁃
tant idea and reference for further study on the law of river sediment transport in ice period.
Keywords： non-cohesive sediment particles； open channel flow； ice-covered flow； incipient velocity； ice
jam

（责任编辑：李福田）

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