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Frost failure mechanism of fabriform concrete protection for rivers，
lochs and irrigation and drainage canals in cold regions

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1
LIU Quanhong ，GUO Ming ，WANG Zhengzhong 1，2 ，LU Liguo ，GE Jianrui ，LI Hanxiang 1
（1. Cold and Arid Regions Water Engineering Safety Research Center，Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and
Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education， Northwest A&F University，Yangling 712100，China；
2. State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering，CAS，Lanzhou 730000，China；
3. Ningxia Institute of Water Resources Research，Yinchuan 750021，China）

Abstract： Frost failure of slope protection measures for rivers， lochs and irrigation and drainage canals is
generally serious in the cold regions of northern China. Fabriform concrete-lined canals with gravel beds
have been widely applied because of their easy construction. However，the frost failure phenomenon of this
composite lining structure remains unclear， so it is difficult to achieve design standardisation. In this pa⁃
per，a numerical model of frost heave for lined canals was established based on the thermo-hydro-mechani⁃
cal coupling theory of frozen soil and the interaction mechanism between lining and foundation soil. Choos⁃
ing the Ningxia West Main Canal Project as an example， frost failure analysis and comparative studies of
three typical lining forms of curved corner trapezoidal canals，namely，fabriform concrete with gravel beds，
ordinary concrete with gravel beds and full section concrete， were carried out. The numerical results indi⁃
cate that due to the drainage effect of bedded gravel， the volumetric water content before freezing and the
volumetric ice content in the slope during the freezing process were reduced by approximately 27.8% and
30%，respectively. Fabriform and bedded gravel application decreased the adfreeze bond and constraint reac⁃
tion in the bottom slab， respectively. Therefore， the tensile stress of slope slabs was reduced by 20% ~
70% ， frost heave occurrence was reduced by approximately 30% and the coefficient of uneven frost heave
was reduced by approximately 50%. There occurred three stages in the process of frost failure of fabriform
concrete linings， namely， concrete cracking， the fabriform material reaching its proportional limit and the
fabriform material reaching its ultimate tensile strength. After concrete cracking， the tensile capacity of the
fabriform material allowed the lining to withstand the development of frost heave and prevent sliding and de⁃
stabilisation failure. With the use of the fabriform elastic proportional limit as a failure criterion， the frost
heave resistance was increased by approximately 47.1% ， and the negative temperature resistance was in⁃
creased by approximately 30%. This study provides design means and reasonable basis for the use of fabri⁃
form concrete-lined canals with gravel beds of shallow buried water table slope protection in the cold re⁃
gions of northern China.
Keywords： fabriform concrete protection； gravel beds protection； shallow buried water table； thermo-hy⁃
dro-mechanical coupling of frozen soil；frost heave damage

（责任编辑：李 娜）

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