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                              Medium andshortterm predictionofwatertemperatureindeep
                                      waterlake - reservoirbasedondataassimilation
                                                                                  3
                                               1
                                                          2
                                                                      3
                                  1
                        SUNBowen,YANGXiyu,BAOZhu,LIUXiaobo,LIUChang,GAOXueping                   1
                      (1.StateKeyLaboratoryofHydraulicEngineeringSimulationandSafety,TianjinUniversity,Tianjin 300350,China;
                     2.LuanheRiverWaterQualityMonitoringCenterofHaiheRiverBasin,LuanheRiverDiversionProjectManagementBureauof
                                     HaiheRiverWaterConservancyCommission ,Tangshan 064309,China;
                 3.InstituteofWaterEcologyandEnvironment,ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearch,Beijing 100038,China)
                  Abstract:Thedistributionandevolutionofwatertemperatureindeep - waterlakesandreservoirsaffectwater
                  movement , biochemicalreactions, and the metabolic processes of aquatic organisms.Forecasting water
                  temperaturechangesisnecessaryforlakeandreservoirwaterqualitymanagementandecologicalenvironmentsafety.
                  Inthisstudyalakeandreservoirwatertemperaturedataassimilationsystem isconstructedonthebasisoftheen
                  sembleKalmanfilteralgorithmandtheCE - QUAL - W2model ,whichisabletocomprehensivelyconsidermodel
                  parameters ,boundaryconditions,andtheuncertaintyofobservationdata.ThesystemisappliedtoDaheitingRes
                  ervoirfor1 - 10daysofmediumandshorttermwatertemperatureforecastingusingreservoiroperationdataandme
                  teorologicaldataasforecastconditions.Theresultsshowthatwhenthenumberofsetsis100 ,thesimulationerror
                  andtheobservationerrorare10% and1%,theassimilationsystemcanconsiderhighercalculationefficiencyand
                  simulationaccuracy.Simultaneouslycorrectingthemodelparametersandstatevariablescanincreasethewatertem
                  peraturesimulationaccuracyofthedataassimilationsystematdifferentwaterdepthsby41.2%- 68.8% comparedto
                  theresultswithoutdataassimilation.Astheforecastperiodwasextendedfrom 1to10days ,theforecasterrorof
                  eachwaterdepthincreasedfrom0.22 - 0.35℃ to0.77 - 1.09℃.Regardlessofwhetherthereservoirisinthestrati
                  fiedormixedperiod,thedataassimilationsystemcanmaintainhighaccuracyundertheinternalandexternalfac
                  torssuchasmeteorologicalconditionsandreservoirschedulingduringtheforecastperiod.Thehigh - precisionmedi
                  umandshorttermwatertemperatureforecastmethodcanprovidetheoreticalandtechnicalsupportforlakeandres
                  ervoirwatersupplyandecologicalsecurity.
                  Keywords:lake - reservoirwatertemperature;mediumandshorttermforecasting;dataassimilation;CE - QUAL - W2;
                  ensembleKalmanfilter

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