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Analysis of measured reservoir water temperature and dam temperature field in the
Three Gorges Dam

1，2 3，4 1，2 3 3

GENG Jun ，ZHANG Guoxin ，ZHANG Hailong ，CHENG Heng ，JIANG Chenfang

（1. Hubei Key Laboratory of Operation Safety of High Dam and Large Reservoir，Yichang 443100，China；2. River Basin Complex

Administration Center of China Three Gorges Corporation，Yichang 443134，China；3. China Institute of Water Resources

and Hydropower Research，Beijing 100038，China；4. State Key Laboratory of Water Cycle

and Water Security，Beijing 100038，China）

Abstract：Temperature is an important monitoring item for concrete dams，as it is directly related to the operational
behavior and safety of the dams. Based on the measured temperature data from the upstream surface and interior of
typical sections of the Three Gorges Dam，this study analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution laws of the water tem‐

perature in the Three Gorges Reservoir and the dam temperature. It reveals the unique distribution characteristics of
the water temperature in front of the dam and the temperature of the dam body in this multi - sand and deep reservoir.
The research findings are as follows：（1）The annual average water temperature in front of the flood - discharge and

powerhouse sections of the Three Gorges Dam remains basically isothermal along the depth direction. The bottom tem‐
perature of the reservoir is stable at 18.4°C，and the average water temperature slightly varies between 19.1°C and

19.4 ℃ from the sediment elevation to the reservoir surface. （2）The temperature in the sediment is close to a con‐

stant temperature. The water temperature above the sediment elevation changes with seasons，being high in summer
and low in winter. The monthly water temperature distributions along the water depth are nearly the same，and no

obvious water stratification phenomenon is observed. （3）Analysis shows that the distribution characteristics of the

water temperature in front of the dam are related to the ratio of reservoir capacity to runoff in the Three Gorges，the
sediment concentration of the monthly incoming water，and the layout and operation mode of the flood - discharge and

water-diversion structures. （4）Regarding the temperature field of the dam body，the spatial distributions of key tem‐
perature indicators such as the maximum and minimum temperatures，steady and quasi-steady temperature fields，

foundation temperature difference，and maximum temperature difference are mainly studied. Since the average water

temperature of the upstream reservoir is close to the average annual air temperature plus radiant heat and is similar to
the temperature of the downstream dam surface，the steady temperature field of the dam body is close to an isothermal

state，with a temperature range of 18.5°C to 21°C. The temperature in the middle and lower parts of the upstream side
of the dam body is higher than the 15°C predicted in the design. （5）The highest temperature inside the dam body

occurs at the peak moment after pouring，and the lowest temperature is the joint grouting temperature. （6）The tem‐
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