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                           ResearchontherunnercharacteristicsofFrancis - turbineunderpower
                                              generationtono - loadcondition

                                                           1
                                                                         1,2
                                                                                       1,2
                                               1
                             1,2,3
                                                                                                     1
                    MAOXiuli ,CHENXingkun,YINJinbu,GOUWentao ,LIUZhiming ,HEJunling
                       (1.CollegeofWaterResourcesandArchitecturalEngineering,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling 712100,China;
                        2.KeyLaboratoryofAgriculturalSoilandWaterEngineeringinAridandSemiaridAreasofMinistryofEducation,
                                           NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling 712100,China;
                               3.CollegeofBasicScienceandEngineering,WasedaUniversity,Tokyo 169 - 8555,Japan)
                  Abstract:Ashydropowerstationsgraduallyshifttoload - regulatedoperation,theincreaseintheoperatingtimeof
                  turbineintransitionalconditionswillseriouslyaffectrunnerperformance.Thispaperaimsatstudyingthefluid -
                  solidcouplingcorrelationcharacteristicsofrunner ,whereinSSTk - ωturbulencemodelandthefluid - solidcoupling
                  methodareappliedtosolvetheflowfieldandstructuralfield ,respectively.Theresultsshowthatthemainfrequen
                  ciesofpressurefluctuationintherunnerarepassfrequenciesofbladesandguidevanes ,aswellastheirmultiple
                  frequencies.Thepressurefluctuationfrequenciesofallmonitoringpointsintherunnerhavesimilaramplitudesat
                  30 fand60f,andtheamplituderangegraduallynarrowsastheguidevanesclose.Themainfrequenciesofvortex
                    n      n
                  structuresare64 fand68fintherunner,whichpulsationenergyattenuatesalongthestreamlines.Thebladepas
                                     n
                               n
                  sagevortexreachestherunneroutletat0.4 Q BEP ,thevortexvolumeintherunnerfirstincreasesandthendecreases
                  astheloadcontinuestoreduce.After0.4Q BEP ,theflowseparationphenomenononthepressuresurfaceattheinlet
                  ofrunnerintensifiesasthedecreaseof β (theabsolutevelocityangle),furtherhorseshoevortexwithhighturbulent
                  kineticenergyappearsintheflowchannels ,whichisaccompaniedwithflowaroundbladeoutlet.Thevortexcore
                  atrunneroutletstarttosplitatt = 7s(0.2Q BEP ),thenvorticesineachrunnerpassageform sheetsandblockthe
                  flowchannel.Inthestructuralfield ,theincreaseofequivalentstressatbladeinletiscausedbytheflowimpact
                  withsmaller β ,thehorseshoevorticesinrunnerchannelscorrespondtolongandnarrowzoneswithlowequivalent
                  stress.Theequivalentstress (4MPa)anddeformation(4.3 μ m)attherunneroutletarethemaximum,becauseof
                  dualeffectsfromvortexcoresplittingatrunneroutletandcavityvorticesinthestraightsectionofthedrafttube.
                  Lastbutnotleast ,itfoundsthattheequivalentstresshasalinearrelationshipwithtorqueandflowintheapproxi
                  matelyonethirdoftheareainfrontoftherunnerpassage,whereasitiscubicfunctionsinthelasttwothirdsofthe
                  runnerpath.Thedeformationisalsohasalinearrelationshipwithtorqueandflowintheload - dominatedarea ,
                  whileitisaquadraticfunctioninthereturn - dominatedarea.Theaboverelationshipsbetweenflowfieldandstruc
                  turefieldneedfurthervalidationinotherhydraulicmachinery,whichwillbethenextworkfortheauthors.
                  Keywords:Francis - turbine;runner;powergenerationtono - loadcondition;turbulentkineticenergy;vibration
                  mode


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