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Analysis of reservoir siltation in China

1，2 1，2 1，2 1，2
DENG Anjun ，CHEN Jianguo ，HU Haihua ，ZHANG Guoshuai
（1.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research，
State Key Laboratory of Watershed Water Cycle Simulation and Regulation，Beijing 100048，China；
2. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research，
Key Laboratory of Sediment Science and Northern River Training，Ministry of Water Resources，Beijing 100048，China）

Abstract： Based on the reservoir data of the first National Water Conservancy Survey， this paper analyzes
the temporal and spatial distribution of reservoirs in China. There are about 98，000 reservoirs with a total
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capacity of about 932.3 billion m . The number of reservoirs is mainly small reservoirs， accounting for
95.22% of the total. In terms of reservoir capacity， it is dominated by large reservoirs， accounting for
80.43% of the total. Since 1950， the number and capacity of reservoirs have increased rapidly in China.
On the basis of mastering the distribution of reservoirs in China，the siltation data of 6，702 reservoirs are
collected. About 90% of the reservoir sedimentation data are counted from 2016 to 2018， and the rest of
the reservoirs are in other years. The reservoir data covers seven river basins and all inland provinces，in⁃
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cluding 131 large reservoirs with a storage capacity of about 214.3 billion m ；580 medium-sized reservoirs
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with a storage capacity of about 15.5 billion m ； and 5，991 small reservoirs with a storage capacity of
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about 4.4 billion m ，accounting for about 91.5%，6.6% and 1.9% of the total storage capacity of this sta⁃
tistics， respectively. According to the collected data， the average siltation rate of reservoirs is 11.27% in
China. The siltation rate of reservoirs in each basin varies greatly， including 36.76% in the Yellow River
Basin and 4.25% in the Yangtze River Basin. The siltation rate of the reservoir generally increases with
the increase of the reservoir operation time. The longer the reservoir operation time，the higher the siltation
rate of the reservoir. The average annual siltation rate of reservoirs is 0.41% - 0.49% in China， of which
the average annual siltation rate of reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin is the highest （1.39%）， and the
average annual siltation rate of reservoirs is 0.25% in the Yangtze River. The average annual siltation rate
of reservoirs decreases with the increase of reservoir operation time. On this basis， the reservoir is classi⁃
fied by fuzzy mathematics method. According to the reservoir siltation rate of more than 38%，14% - 38%
and less than 14% ， the reservoir is divided into three categories： severe siltation， moderate siltation and
mild siltation. According to the average annual siltation rate of more than 1.5% ， 0.5% - 1.5% and less
than 0.5% ， the reservoirs are divided into three categories： rapid siltation rate， medium siltation rate and
slow siltation. The research results can provide basic data and technical support for scientific function resto⁃
ration of silted reservoirs.
Keywords：reservoir capacity；reservoir distribution；siltation rate；average annual siltation rate

（责任编辑：韩 昆）

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