Page 15 - 2024年第55卷第10期
P. 15
[36] 刘晓燕.黄土高原现状产沙情势评价[J].水利学报,2022,54(1):24 - 33.
[37] FENGXM,FUBJ,PIAOSL,etal.RevegetationinChina’sLoessPlateauisapproachingsustainablewater
resourcelimits[J].NatureClimateChange,2016.doi:10.1038?NCLIMATE3092.
[38] 程积民,万惠鹅,王静.黄 土 丘 陵 半 干 旱 区 天 然 草 地 土 壤 水 分 调 控 研 究 [J].草 地 学 报,2003,11(4):
296 - 300.
[39] CHENYP,WANGKB,FUBJ.65% coveristhesustainablevegetationthresholdontheLoessPlateau[J].
EnvironmentalScienceandEcotechnology,2024(22):100442.
[40] 焦菊英,王万忠,李靖.黄土丘陵区不同降雨条件下水平梯田的减水减沙效益分析[J].土壤侵蚀与水土
保持学报,1999,5(3):59 - 63.
[41] 周祖昊,刘佳嘉,严子奇.黄河流域天然河川径流量演变归因分析[J].水科学进展,2022,33(1):27 - 36.
VariationsinwaterandsedimentoftheYellowRiver:Historicalperspectives,
currentstatus,andfutureoutlook
1
2
LIUXiaoyan,WANGPeng,DANGSuzhen 3
(1.YellowRiverConservancyCommission,Zhengzhou 450003,China;
2.YellowRiverEngineeringConsultingCo.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,China;
3.YellowRiverInstituteofHydraulicResearch,YellowRiverConservancyCommission,Zhengzhou 450003,China)
Abstract:Underthecurrentframeworkoffloodcontrolsystem,maintainingastableriverbedelevationovertimeis
crucialforachievinglong - termstabilityinthelowerreachesoftheYellowRiver.Thewater - sedimentconditionis
thecriticalfactorthatdeterminessedimentaccumulationandriverbedelevation.Utilizinghistoricalrecords ,previ
ousresearchandmeasureddata ,thisstudyanalyzesfloodoccurrencefrequenciesinthelowerYellowRiverover
thepast2200years,aswellasclimateandsocio - environmentalchangesontheLoessPlateau,andanalyzeschan
gesofwaterandsedimentoftheYellowRiverindifferenthistoricalperiods.TheresultsshowthatfromtheWestern
HanDynastytothe1970s,thereisageneraltrendofdecreasingwatervolumeandincreasingsedimentload.Dur
ingtheEasternHanDynasty(70 - 907AD),sedimentloadwasonly400 - 550milliont?a,withdownstreamwater
3
volumeexceeding60billionm ?a.Inthesubsequent127years,sedimentloadincreasedtoaround700milliont?a,
3
whiledownstreamwatervolumedecreasedto58billionm ?a.From1579to1918,sedimentloadincreasedto1.5
3
billiont?a,whiledownstreamwatervolumedecreasedto57billionm ?a.Theperiodfrom1933to1979wasthepe
riodofmaximumsedimentyieldontheLoessPlateau,withthemeasuredsedimentdischargeatTongguanStation
reaching1.62billiont?aandtherestoreddammedsedimentreaching1.92billiont?a.Sincethe1980s ,waterand
sedimentdischargeoftheYellowRiverhasshownadecreasingtrend ,withtheannualaveragemeasuredsediment
dischargeofTongguanStationbeing0.234billiont?afrom2000to2023 ,andreaching0.55billiont?abyrestored
dammedsediment ,whichiscomparabletosedimentdischargeinthelateTangDynasty.Downstream measured
3
runoffwas29billionm ?a,accountingfor46% ofrunoffinthelateTangDynasty.Inthefuture,relyingonsus
tainedsoilandwaterconservation ,sedimentdischargeoftheYellowRivermaybecontrolledwithin400 - 500mil
liont?a ,reachinglevelscomparabletothatintheearlierstageoftheoldcourseoftheYellowRiveroftheEastern
3
HanDynasty.However,duetodownstreamwatervolumeunlikelytoexceed27billionm ?a,theoperationallifes
panofthecurrentlowerYellowRiverchannelmaynotmatchthatoftheoldcourseoftheEasternHanDynasty.
Keywords:YellowRiver;waterandsedimentchanges;theLoessPlateau;historicalperiods;currentsituation;
futurepredictions
(责任编辑:鲁 婧 韩 昆)
1
— 1 4 5 —