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                       VariationsinwaterandsedimentoftheYellowRiver:Historicalperspectives,
                                            currentstatus,andfutureoutlook

                                                   1
                                                                 2
                                         LIUXiaoyan,WANGPeng,DANGSuzhen         3
                                     (1.YellowRiverConservancyCommission,Zhengzhou 450003,China;
                                   2.YellowRiverEngineeringConsultingCo.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,China;
                       3.YellowRiverInstituteofHydraulicResearch,YellowRiverConservancyCommission,Zhengzhou 450003,China)


                  Abstract:Underthecurrentframeworkoffloodcontrolsystem,maintainingastableriverbedelevationovertimeis
                  crucialforachievinglong - termstabilityinthelowerreachesoftheYellowRiver.Thewater - sedimentconditionis
                  thecriticalfactorthatdeterminessedimentaccumulationandriverbedelevation.Utilizinghistoricalrecords ,previ
                  ousresearchandmeasureddata ,thisstudyanalyzesfloodoccurrencefrequenciesinthelowerYellowRiverover
                  thepast2200years,aswellasclimateandsocio - environmentalchangesontheLoessPlateau,andanalyzeschan
                  gesofwaterandsedimentoftheYellowRiverindifferenthistoricalperiods.TheresultsshowthatfromtheWestern
                  HanDynastytothe1970s,thereisageneraltrendofdecreasingwatervolumeandincreasingsedimentload.Dur
                  ingtheEasternHanDynasty(70 - 907AD),sedimentloadwasonly400 - 550milliont?a,withdownstreamwater
                                        3
                  volumeexceeding60billionm ?a.Inthesubsequent127years,sedimentloadincreasedtoaround700milliont?a,
                                                             3
                  whiledownstreamwatervolumedecreasedto58billionm ?a.From1579to1918,sedimentloadincreasedto1.5
                                                                     3
                  billiont?a,whiledownstreamwatervolumedecreasedto57billionm ?a.Theperiodfrom1933to1979wasthepe
                  riodofmaximumsedimentyieldontheLoessPlateau,withthemeasuredsedimentdischargeatTongguanStation
                  reaching1.62billiont?aandtherestoreddammedsedimentreaching1.92billiont?a.Sincethe1980s ,waterand
                  sedimentdischargeoftheYellowRiverhasshownadecreasingtrend ,withtheannualaveragemeasuredsediment
                  dischargeofTongguanStationbeing0.234billiont?afrom2000to2023 ,andreaching0.55billiont?abyrestored
                  dammedsediment ,whichiscomparabletosedimentdischargeinthelateTangDynasty.Downstream measured
                                   3
                  runoffwas29billionm ?a,accountingfor46% ofrunoffinthelateTangDynasty.Inthefuture,relyingonsus
                  tainedsoilandwaterconservation ,sedimentdischargeoftheYellowRivermaybecontrolledwithin400 - 500mil
                  liont?a ,reachinglevelscomparabletothatintheearlierstageoftheoldcourseoftheYellowRiveroftheEastern
                                                                                    3
                  HanDynasty.However,duetodownstreamwatervolumeunlikelytoexceed27billionm ?a,theoperationallifes
                  panofthecurrentlowerYellowRiverchannelmaynotmatchthatoftheoldcourseoftheEasternHanDynasty.
                  Keywords:YellowRiver;waterandsedimentchanges;theLoessPlateau;historicalperiods;currentsituation;
                  futurepredictions

                                                                            (责任编辑:鲁 婧 韩 昆)










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